What does "Panning" refer to in the context of camera work?

In the context of camera work, "panning" specifically refers to the horizontal movement of a camera across a scene. This technique is used to capture the width of a scene or follow a moving subject, allowing the viewer to take in more of the environment or action. Panning can help create a dynamic visual experience and can effectively convey a sense of motion and space.

The term itself derives from the word "panorama," which suggests a wide view. This technique is different from vertical movements, such as tilting, which would involve moving the camera up and down. Similarly, zooming in on a subject changes the focal length of the lens rather than moving the camera itself, and stabilizing the shot with gimbals refers to techniques aimed at reducing camera shake, rather than the movement of the camera across a scene. Understanding panning is essential for creating visually engaging shots that effectively communicate the story within a production.